Effects · health adverse
Kidney Stones (Formation Risk)
Increased risk of forming hard deposits (stones) in the kidneys, most commonly calcium oxalate, urate, or phosphate. May be associated with excessive intake of calcium, vitamin D (causing hypercalcemia), vitamin C (metabolizes to oxalates), or substances increasing uric acid levels. Manifests as severe flank pain, blood in urine.
- Supplements
- 4
- Practices
- 3
- Habits
- 7
How we rate evidence
Probability — how likely the effect is to show up
- Very high
- High
- Medium
- Low
Evidence — where the data comes from
- Scientific Meta-analyses and randomized trials
- Clinical Clinical trials and practice
- Animal research Animal studies
- People reports User reports and anecdotes
- Theoretical Mechanistic reasoning, not yet tested
Reported as a side effect of (14)
Probability Low 14
Evidence Clinical 6 Theoretical 8
- Calcium Supplements LowTheoretical
- Chaga Supplements LowTheoretical
- Vitamin C Supplements LowTheoretical
- Vitamin D Supplements LowTheoretical
- Ketogenic Diet Practices LowTheoretical
- Naturopathy Practices LowTheoretical
- Prolonged Water Fasting Practices LowClinical
- Energy Drink Consumption Habits LowClinical
- Excessive Sugar Consumption Habits LowClinical
- Fast Food Consumption Habits LowClinical
- High Sodium Intake Habits LowTheoretical
- Intermittent Fasting Habits LowClinical
- Insufficient Fruit and Vegetable Intake Habits LowTheoretical
- Vibration Plate Therapy Habits LowClinical